Secure and Verifiable Electronic Voting in Practice: the use of vVote in the Victorian State Election

The November 2014 Australian State of Victoria election was the first statutory political election worldwide at State level which deployed an end-to-end verifiable electronic voting system in polling places. This was the first time blind voters have been able to cast a fully secret ballot in a verifiable way, and the first time a verifiable voting system has been used to collect remote votes in a political election. The code is open source, and the output from the election is verifiable. The system took 1121 votes from these particular groups, an increase on 2010 and with fewer polling places

OLDER DRIVER SIMULATOR BASED INTERSECTION TRAINING: THE EVALUATION OF TRAINING EFFECTIVENESS AND SIMULATOR SICKNESS

Older drivers are over involved in intersection crashes. The evidence to date suggests that this is primarily because they fail to look for potential threat vehicles after they enter a stop-controlled intersection. These secondary glances are absolutely critical when the built or natural environment obscures such vehicles while the driver is stopped before entering the intersection. Simulator-based older driver training programs exist which double the frequency of secondary glances that older drivers take up to two years after training. However, almost 40% of those who participate in such training never finish because of Simulator Adaptation Syndrome (SAS, or “simulator sickness”). Two factors are believed to contribute to the high simulator sickness rates: 1) the relatively high immersion at each point in time and 2) the relatively long period of time over which the training occurs in the simulator. In this experiment, simulator micro-scenarios were designed to train older drivers to take secondary looks. These micro-scenarios take no more than 30 to 45 seconds to complete and are much shorter than the 20 minute training programs now available. In addition, level of immersion was varied, from relatively low (the virtual world was projected onto three 22\u27\u27 diagonal LCD monitors) to medium (the virtual world was projected onto one to three 60\u27\u27 screens). A total of five groups of older drivers (91 total between the ages of 67 and 86) were run in the experiment. Three of the groups were given active, secondary glance training on a driving simulator -- one on a low-immersion simulator and two on a medium-immersion simulator (one group utilized all three screens and one group utilized only one screen) -- one of the groups was given passive, secondary glance training using a PowerPoint presentation and one of the groups received no training at all, control group. After the training was delivered participants in all five groups were evaluated in the field while driving alone in their own vehicle as they wore a head mounted camera. Secondary glances were recorded from the videos of the drives captured by the camera. The simulator training dropout rate was reduced radically from what has been reported in the literature (roughly 40%), to 14.3% in the three screen medium-immersion simulator, 6.3% in the one screen medium-immersion simulator and 11.8% in the low-immersion simulator. The percentage of secondary glances in the field increased significantly for the group given active, 3-screen medium-immersion simulator training (82%) above those given passive, PowerPoint training (69%) and those who received no training, control group (42%). There was no statistically significant difference between the group given active, low-immersion simulator training (74%) and the group given passive, PowerPoint training; however, statically significance exists between the three active training groups and the 1-screen medium immersion simulator training (58%). It is clear that the design of micro-scenarios in a lower immersion environment decreased simulator sickness and increased the frequency of secondary glances

Detection Of Carbon Dioxide By Laser Resonance Absorption Spectroscopy

An analysis and description of a single laser resonance absorption spectrometer for the quantitative spectroscopic determination of carbon dioxide at 4.2 (mu)m is presented. The work consisted of the design and construction of a 4.2 (mu)m helium neon laser not available commercially, the construction of an optical spectrometer and signal processing unit and the determination of the carbon dioxide spectroscopic parameters required for calibration of the system.;The Fletcher Powell Method is used to locate the optimum laser frequency and broadening cross sections from absorption data for both pure carbon dioxide and nitrogen broadened carbon dioxide tests. Pure carbon dioxide absorption in a pressure range of 0.0016 atm (1.25 Torr) to 0.33 atm (250 Torr) is described well by a Lorentzian bandshape model with a self broadening cross section of 2.99 (+OR-) 0.30 GHz/atm at laser frequencies of 71.0730 (+OR-) 0.0008 THz (2370.74 (+OR-) 0.03 cm(\u27-1)) and 71.0847 (+OR-) 0.0008 THz (2371.13 (+OR-) 0.03 cm(\u27-1)). Nitrogen broadened carbon dioxide in the total pressure range of 0.13 atm (100 Torr) to 1.18 atm (900 Torr) is characterized by the same model with the laser frequency at 71.0835 (+OR-) 0.0012 THz (2371.09 (+OR-) 0.04 cm(\u27-1)) and the nitrogen broadening cross section of 2.40 (+OR-) 0.24 GHz/atm. The extinction coefficient for low concentrations of carbon dioxide in a 1 atm total pressure nitrogen environment has been determined as 9.90 (+OR-) 1.49 cm(\u27-1) atm(\u27-1)

Water waves over a rough bottom in the shallow water regime

This is a study of the Euler equations for free surface water waves in the case of varying bathymetry, considering the problem in the shallow water scaling regime. In the case of rapidly varying periodic bottom boundaries this is a problem of homogenization theory. In this setting we derive a new model system of equations, consisting of the classical shallow water equations coupled with nonlocal evolution equations for a periodic corrector term. We also exhibit a new resonance phenomenon between surface waves and a periodic bottom. This resonance, which gives rise to secular growth of surface wave patterns, can be viewed as a nonlinear generalization of the classical Bragg resonance. We justify the derivation of our model with a rigorous mathematical analysis of the scaling limit and the resulting error terms. The principal issue is that the shallow water limit and the homogenization process must be performed simultaneously. Our model equations and the error analysis are valid for both the two- and the three-dimensional physical problems.Comment: Revised version, to appear in Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincar\'

Notes on the Marine Algae of the Bermudas. 8. Further Additions to the Flora, Including \u3cem\u3eGriffithsia aestivana\u3c/em\u3e sp. nov. (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta) and an Update on the Alien \u3cem\u3eCystoseira compressa\u3c/em\u3e (Sargassaceae, Heterokontophyta)

Griffithsia aestivana sp. nov. is described as an endemic from Bermuda. Vegetatively, it is most similar to G. capitata from the eastern Atlantic Ocean, but the two differ in overall size and in the tetrasporic state. Eleven other marine algal taxa are reported from Bermuda for the first time: Anadyomene howei, Struvea elegans, Cladophoropsis macromeres, Derbesia turbinata, Caulerpa racemosa var. lamourouxii, Halimeda discoidea, Chrysymenia nodulosa, Gloiocladia iyoensis, Dasya caraibica, Chondrophycus iridescens and Polysiphonia scopulorum. All except D. turbinata represent new northern limits of distribution in the North Atlantic Ocean. In addition, recent Bermuda collections of the alien Mediterranean Cystoseira compressa and the rarely found Womersleyella setacea are detailed

Addendum to the Synoptic Review of Red Algal Genera

An addendum to Schneider and Wynne\u27s A synoptic review of the classification of red algal genera a half century after Kylin\u27s “Die Gattungen der Rhodophyceen” (2007) Bot. Mar. 50:197–249) is presented, with an updating of names of new taxa at the generic level and higher. In the last few years, the names of several new orders and families of red algae have been validated; these are cited and referenced below